Insights into Operating Conditions on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

This review offers the impact and mechanism of internal and external operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, magnetic fields, and pulse electrolysis on CO₂RR. It also delves into the roles of different types of electrolytes and discusses the main challenges and resolution strategies within the context of membrane electrode assemblies in CO₂RR progress.

Abstract

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) is rapidly emerging as a promising sustainable strategy for transforming CO₂ into valuable fuels and chemical feedstocks, a crucial step toward a carbon-neutral society. The efficiency, selectivity, and stability of CO₂RR are heavily influenced by the chosen catalyst and the operating conditions used. Despite substantial advances in the development of catalysts, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews focusing on the influence of different operating environments on CO₂RR performance. This review offers a detailed examination of internal and external environmental control strategies designed to enhance CO₂RR efficiency. The fundamental reaction mechanisms through in situ and operational techniques, paired with theoretical analyses, are discussed while also identifying key challenges and future research directions in CO₂RR technology. By delivering a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field, this review highlights the critical role of environmental control, mechanistic insights, and practical considerations needed for the successful commercialization of CO₂RR technology.