Design of Gradient Porosity Architecture with Through‐Hole Carbon Spheres to Promoting Fast Charging and Low‐Temperature Workable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Through-hole carbon spheres (THCS) synthesized by coaxial electrospinning and template sacrifice method are employed as a pore-forming agent on graphite surfaces for the first time. The established gradient porosity architecture endows graphite anode with interconnected conductive networks and abundant Li⁺ transport channels. Therefore, the THCS pouch cell exhibits superior cycling stability and high lithium plating resistance.

Abstract

The reduced surface porosity of highly compacted graphite anode after calendering is one of the major obstacles restraining the fast-charging capability and low-temperature adaptability of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, through-hole carbon spheres (THCS) synthesized by coaxial electrospinning and the following template sacrifice method are employed as a pore-forming agent on graphite surfaces for the first time. The established gradient porosity architecture endows graphite anode with interconnected conductive networks and abundant Li⁺ transport channels. Therefore, the THCS pouch cell exhibits fast charging capability (charging efficiency of 49.2% at 5 C), superior cycling stability (96% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C), and low-temperature adaptability (high lithium plating resistance at −10 °C). By contrast, severe lithium-plating behavior is observed in the blank pouch cell under the same testing conditions. It is believed that the facile and scalable gradient pore structure manufacturing technology will succeed in promoting the fast-charging capability and low-temperature adaptability of commercial Li-ion batteries.