Comprehensive Review on Slot‐Die‐Based Perovskite Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods, and Marketability

Slot-die-based solar cell performance comparison based on different electrode materials is illustrated from all available publications to date. Both cells (left) and modules (right) are included to provide a clear overview.

Abstract

As the world edges closer to perovskite solar cell (PSC) commercialization, state-of-the-art materials and processes become publicized to a much lesser degree. From current insights into perovskite industry standards, slot-die coating is the number one method for fabricating the perovskite layer. Other significant layers can be done using varying techniques. Hence, in this review article, all 115 existing slot-die-based PSC publications to date together with related literature are crystallized to set stages for future scalable perovskite research. Through investigation of the effects of materials, processes, and structures on performance, stability, and cost of slot-die coating is presented. In the end, power output x operating lifetime per cost is the most influential factor for market consideration. The roll-to-roll compatibility of the slot-die coating together with low-cost materials and lean processes present a cost-effective strategy for successful commercialization.