Liquid Crystalline Networks Hamper the Malignancy of Cancer Cells

Liquid Crystalline Networks are used as scaffolds for the growth of A375 melanoma cells demonstrating to affect their malignancy. Indeed, only by contact, these materials reduces cell proliferation and colony formation capacity, while increasing the number of senescent cells and promoting the mesenchymal to epithelial transition.

Abstract

Mimicking compositions and structures of extracellular matrix is widely studied to create in vitro tumor models, to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of the different types of cancer, and to identify new therapies. On the other hand, the use of synthetic materials to modulate cancer cell biology and, possibly, to reduce the malignancy of cancer cells through their exploitation is far less explored. Here, the study evaluates the effects of Liquid Crystalline Networks (LCNs) based scaffolds on the growth of A375 metastatic melanoma cells. Interestingly, cells grown on such materials show reduced cell proliferation and colony-forming capacity with respect to those cultivated on standard plates. These effects are associated with a higher percentage of senescent cells and a shift to a more epithelial phenotype, pointing to the occurrence of a mesenchymal to epithelial transition. All these biological outcomes are affected by the amount of crosslinker in the material and have been induced only thanks to the interactions with the polymeric substrate without the need of further chemical (e.g., specific growth factor) or physical (e.g., irradiation) stimuli, opening to the possible development of anti-cancer coatings.