Feasibility of meeting future battery demand via domestic cell production in Europe
Nature Energy, Published online: 06 March 2025; doi:10.1038/s41560-025-01722-yEurope’s future battery cell demand is projected to exceed 1 TWh yr−1 by 2030, outpacing domestic production despite strong expected growth. While 50–60% self-sufficiency appears likely, achieving the European 90% target remains uncertain.

Nature Energy, Published online: 06 March 2025; doi:10.1038/s41560-025-01722-yEurope’s future battery cell demand is projected to exceed 1 TWh yr−1 by 2030, outpacing domestic production despite strong expected growth. While 50–60% self-sufficiency appears likely, achieving the European 90% target remains uncertain.