All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Extremely Low N/P Ratio Operating at Low Stack Pressure

Advanced Energy Materials, Volume 15, Issue 16, April 22, 2025.

Apr 26, 2025 - 09:27
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All-Solid-State Batteries with Extremely Low N/P Ratio Operating at Low Stack Pressure

Developing all-solid-state batteries operating at low temperatures and stack pressure remains challenging due to their interfacial degradation. The proposed overcharging system, which incorporates lithium insertion and plating mechanisms in conjunction, addresses this challenge by inserting a magnesium (Mg) thin-film beneath the silicon-graphite composite anode. The lithiophilic Mg attracts overcharged lithium metal toward the bottom, thereby stabilizing the anode|solid electrolyte interface.

Abstract

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, their practical implementation faces significant challenges, particularly their requirement for an impractically high stack pressure. This issue is especially critical in high-energy density systems with limited negative-to-positive electrode capacity ratios (N/P ratios), where uneven lithium (Li) stripping induces the formation of interfacial voids. This study addresses these challenges by introducing an anode with a novel structural design that operates effectively under practically viable conditions while significantly reducing the N/P ratio to less than one. The approach entails the integration of a lithiophilic magnesium (Mg) film beneath a thin layer of the silicon-graphite (SiGr) active materials. This structure facilitates the deposition of excess Li beneath the SiGr layer during overcharging, which enables stable cycling even at room temperature and at a low stack pressure of 3 MPa. By mitigating the poor contact that is characteristic of ASSBs with a low stack pressure, and simultaneously increasing the energy density by lowering the N/P ratio, the design significantly advances the key electrochemical properties of ASSBs.