[Comment] The potential for annual long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the advent of antiretroviral treatment use for people at increased risk of acquiring HIV-1. With access to PrEP in key risk groups and consistent use, HIV-1 incidence can decrease substantially.1–3 Initially, only oral PrEP options were available with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide plus emtricitabine. Long-acting PrEP with cabotegravir became available in the early 2020s in some settings, but is still not widely implemented.4 Long-acting PrEP alternatives, including a dapivirine vaginal ring, are available in some African countries, but are associated with lower efficacy.