Controlled Magnesium Ion Delivery via Mg‐Sputtered Nerve Conduit for Enhancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

This study introduces a controllable degradation system for Mg-based biomaterials using sputtering technology, marking a significant advancement in nerve regeneration research. The Mg-sputtered nerve conduits demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility, biofunctionality, mechanical compatibility, and precise magnesium release, resulting in improved axonal regeneration and functional recovery. These findings underscore the potential of CPL@3Mg conduits as a superior alternative to traditional autografts, offering an innovative and effective solution for peripheral nerve repair.

Abstract

Autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries; however, it is constrained by limited donor nerve availability, the need for secondary surgeries, and sensory loss at the donor site. Biodegradable material-based nerve conduits have emerged as a promising alternative to address these limitations and enhance nerve regeneration. Among these materials, magnesium stands out due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and neuroprotective properties. Despite its potential, magnesium's rapid corrosion rate and the need for controlled ion release necessitate advanced modifications, such as the development of Mg alloys. However, these approaches often face challenges, including viability concerns and material hardness, which can hinder nerve repair and damage surrounding tissues. In this study, a novel solution is introduced by sputtering magnesium onto a soft collagen sheet, achieving controlled magnesium ion release while preserving the material's nerve-like softness. This Mg-sputtered collagen sheet demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and significantly improves axon regeneration, muscle reinnervation, and functional recovery in a sciatic nerve defect model. These findings highlight the potential of an innovative Mg-based biodegradable nerve conduit, offering transformative applications across various medical fields.